Predictors of Injury Severity in the Pediatric Trauma Patients

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Journal of the Korean Society of Traumatology 1990;3(2):91-189.

Soo Young Yoo, Ik Yong Kim, Byung Wook Kang, Kyung Soo Lim, Seong Joon Kang

소아 외상 환자에서 외상 정도의 예측 인자

유수영, 김익용, 강병욱, 임경수, 강성준

Abstract

Trauma is the leading cause of death in the Korean pediatric population. Initial correct assessment of injury severity is necessary to reduce preventable traumatic deaths and it can help the appropriate patient to be referred to the appropriate facility. Injury Severity Score(ISS) system widly used for categorizing the severity of injury requires many clinical datas including radiologic modalities, therefore, it does not provide a quick assessment. Five hundreds and eighty-four injury patients less than sixteen years of age were prospectively assessed for 6 month from May 1, 1990 to October 31, 1990. All patients were initially assessed for mechanism of injury, age, direct or referred admission, time from injury, anatomical site of injury, blood cell count and pediatric trauma score(PTS). After diagnostic procedure or operation, the patients were reevaluated with ISS. Motor vehicle related injuries accounted for 42.9% of all deaths and pedestrian injuries of them caused the greatest number of deaths. The patients referred from local hospitals had the prolonged time interval from injury to arrival and higher mortality rate. We have observed a significantly higher death rate among trauma patients younger than 8 year-old. Anatomically, thoracic or abdominal injury presented higher mortality rate than the other site did. All mortality cases had PTS 4 or below, and ISS above 20. A decreasing PTS was directly associated with an increasing ISS. Count of leucocyte, band-form neutrophil or lymphocyte presented linear relationship with ISS and the parients with total leucocyte count more than 20,000/mm3, lymphocyte more than 4,000/mm3, band-form neutrophil more than 500/mm3 disclosed far more death rate (p< 0.0001). We have concluded that quick assessment of injury patients with evaluation of anatomical injury site, severity scoring with PTS, and blood cell count are readily available means of identifying the high risk patients.

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