Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Copyright © 2019 The Korean Society of Trauma
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Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).
MVA: motor vehicle accident, AIS: abbreviated injury scale, ISS: injury severity score, RTS: revised trauma score, TRISS: trauma and injury severity score, ABGA: arterial blood gas analysis, BE: base excess, Hb: hemoglobin, SI: shock index, ER: emergency room.
Survivor (n=601) | Non-survivor (n=27) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 46.1±19.1 | 60.0±18.8 | <0.001 |
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Gender | 0.076 | ||
Male | 438 (72.9) | 15 (55.6) | |
Female | 163 (27.1) | 12 (44.4) | |
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Injury mechanism | 0.016 | ||
MVA (pedestrian) | 149 (24.8) | 14 (51.9) | |
MVA (motorcycle) | 135 (22.5) | 0 (0) | |
MVA (passenger) | 77 (12.8) | 2 (7.4) | |
Bicycle accidents | 26 (4.3) | 0 (0) | |
Falls | 146 (24.3) | 8 (29.6) | |
Stab (penetrating) | 35 (5.8) | 2 (7.4) | |
Others | 33 (5.5) | 1 (3.7) | |
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AIS | |||
Head and neck | 1.35±1.50 | 2.15±2.03 | 0.055 |
Face | 0.44±0.83 | 0.81±1.18 | 0.113 |
Chest | 0.95±1.41 | 2.70±1.35 | <0.001 |
Abdomen | 0.73±1.21 | 1.07±1.39 | 0.209 |
Extremities | 0.97±1.24 | 1.81±1.78 | 0.021 |
External | 0.83±0.48 | 0.81±0.56 | 0.864 |
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ISS | 12.44±11.20 | 28.15±14.01 | <0.001 |
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RTS | 7.493±0.907 | 4.323±2.687 | <0.001 |
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TRISS (%) | 93.87±14.66 | 40.81±30.52 | <0.001 |
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ABGA | |||
pH | 7.370±0.085 | 7.082±0.162 | <0.001 |
BE | −5.25±3.75 | −16.06±5.06 | <0.001 |
Lactate | 2.81±2.04 | 8.32±4.99 | <0.001 |
PCO2 | 36.36±8.68 | 55.95±21.18 | <0.001 |
PO2 | 93.59±31.43 | 63.84±36.73 | <0.001 |
Hb | 13.35±2.24 | 9.463±3.06 | <0.001 |
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SI (pre-hospital) | 0.72±0.25 | 0.92±0.40 | 0.020 |
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SI (ER) | 0.73±0.27 | 1.14±0.60 | 0.002 |
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Delta SI | 0.013±0.223 | 0.2196±0.696 | <0.001 |
Survivor (n=601) | Non-survivor (n=27) | Mortality rate (%) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
SI (pre-hospital) | <0.001 | |||
≤0.7 | 352 (58.6) | 10 (37.0) | 2.84 | |
≤0.9 and >0.7 | 150 (25.0) | 4 (14.8) | 2.67 | |
>0.9 | 99 (16.5) | 13 (48.1) | 13.13 | |
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SI (ER) | <0.001 | |||
≤0.7 | 329 (54.7) | 7 (25.9) | 2.13 | |
≤0.9 and >0.7 | 161 (26.8) | 6 (22.2) | 3.73 | |
>0.9 | 111 (18.5) | 14 (51.9) | 12.61 | |
| ||||
Delta SI | <0.001 | |||
<0.3 | 554 (92.2) | 13 (59.3) | 2.81 | |
≥0.3 | 47 (7.8) | 11 (40.7) | 18.97 |
Characteristic | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
Age | 1.039 (1.017–1.062) | <0.001 | 1.068 (1.038–1.099) | <0.001 |
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SI (pre-hospital) | ||||
≤0.7 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
≤0.9, >0.7 | 0.936 (0.290–3.040) | 0.916 | 2.045 (0.578–7.235) | 0.267 |
>0.9 | 4.622 (1.968–10.858) | <0.001 | 11.629 (4.195–32.235) | <0.001 |
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SI (ER) | ||||
≤0.7 | Ref. | |||
≤0.9, >0.7 | 1.752 (0.579–5.297) | 0.321 | ||
>0.9 | 5.928 (2.333–15.061) | <0.001 | ||
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Delta SI ≥0.3 | 8.104 (3.557–18.462) | <0.001 | 12.869 (4.931–33.588) | <0.001 |
Hospital LOS | ICU LOS | Duraion of M.V. | Transfusion (24 hour) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
SI (pre-hospital) | 0.201 (p<0.001) | 0.212 (p=0.001) | 0.084 (p=0.358) | 0.351 (p<0.001) |
SI (ER) | 0.218 (p<0.001) | 0.168 (p=0.007) | 0.047 (p=0.609) | 0.333 (p<0.001) |
Delta SI (ER-pre-hospital) | 0.052 (p=0.191) | −0.026 (p=0.677) | −0.033 (p=0.718) | 0.011 (p=0.902) |
Hospital LOS | ICU LOS | Duration of M.V. | Transfusion (24 hour) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
SI (pre-hospital) | (p=0.003) | (p=0.043) | (p=0.735) | (p=0.040) |
≤0.9 (n=516) | 13.15±22.40 | 7.54±9.45 | 10.95±17.61 | 4.05±4.37 |
>0.9 (n=112) | 22.73±32.27 | 10.88±15.88 | 12.13±18.46 | 7.16±10.38 |
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SI (ER) | (p<0.001) | (p=0.023) | (p=0.191) | (p=0.022) |
≤0.9 (n=503) | 11.65±17.98 | 7.09±9.34 | 9.26±9.50 | 3.84±3.33 |
>0.9 (n=125) | 27.74±39.57 | 11.30±14.96 | 13.84±24.20 | 7.00±10.24 |
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Delta SI (ER–pre-hospital) | (p=0.093) | (p=0.996) | (p=0.950) | (p=0.967) |
<0.3 (n=570) | 14.00±22.33 | 8.41±12.13 | 11.39±14.70 | 5.33±7.73 |
≥0.3 (n=58) | 23.24±40.65 | 8.42±7.04 | 11.15±26.34 | 5.40±7.29 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%). MVA: motor vehicle accident, AIS: abbreviated injury scale, ISS: injury severity score, RTS: revised trauma score, TRISS: trauma and injury severity score, ABGA: arterial blood gas analysis, BE: base excess, Hb: hemoglobin, SI: shock index, ER: emergency room.
Values are presented as number (%). SI: shock index, ER: emergency room.
OR: odd ratio, CI: confidence interval, SI: shock index, Ref.: reference, ER: emergency room.
SI: shock index, LOS: length of stay, ICU: intensive care unit, M.V.: mechanical ventilation, ER: emergency room.
SI: shock index, LOS: length of stay, ICU: intensive care unit, M.V.: mechanical ventilation, ER, emergency room.