The fat embolism syndrome (FES) represents a condition, usually with traumatic etiology, which may pose challenges to diagnosis while its treatment usually requires supportive measures in the intensive care units (ICUs). The clinical criteria, including respiratory and cerebral dysfunction and a petechial rash, along with imaging studies help in diagnosis. Here we present three case reports of young male who developed FES and were admitted to our ICUs after long bones fractures emerging after vehicle crashes and we briefly review FES literature. All patients' treatment was directed towards: 1) the restoration of circulating volume with fresh blood and/or plasma; 2) the correction of acidosis; and 3) immobilization of the affected part. All patients recovered and were released to the orthopedic wards. The incidence of cases of patients with FES admitted in our ICUs records a significant decrease. This may be explained in terms effective infrastructure reforms in Greece which brought about significant improvement in early prevention and management.
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Late-onset isolated cerebral fat embolism syndrome after a simple tibial plateau fracture: a rare case report Ta-Li Hsu, Tien-Chi Li, Fei-Pi Lai, Ming Ouhyoung, Chih-Hung Chang, Cheng-Tzu Wang Journal of International Medical Research.2021; 49(7): 030006052110284. CrossRef
PURPOSE In maxillofacial surgery, proper preoperative diagnosis is very important in achieving good postoperative results. Although conventional CT scans are useful for visual representations of fractures, they cannot provide direct guidance for reconstructing facial bone fractures. However, the recent technology of multislice scanning has brought many clinical benefits to CT images. Direct correlations can be made between preoperative imaging data and operative planning. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the differences between conventional CT and multidetective three-dimensional CT(3D MDCT) measurements in craniofacial deformities. METHODS From January 2005 to November 2005, MDCT scans of 41 patients were evaluated by comparing them with conventional CT scans. The 3D MDCT images were assessed and reviewed by using a simple scoring system. RESULTS The 3D MDCT scans offered easy interpretation, facilitated surgical planning, and clarified postoperative results in malar complex fractures, mandibular fractures, and extensive maxillofacial fractures and cranioplasty. However, 3D MDCT images were not superior to conventional CT scans in the diagnosis of blowout fractures. CONCLUSION In spite of its limitations, the 3D MDCT provided additional and more comprehensive information than the conventional CT for preoperative assessment of craniofacial deformities. Therefore, the 3D MDCT can be a useful tool for diagnosis and systematic treatment planning in craniofacial skeletal deformities.