Department of Emergency Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
Copyright © 2019 The Korean Society of Trauma
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Trauma surgeona (n=49) | Emergency physicianb (n=43) | Neurosurgeonc (n=38) | Other residentd (n=10) | p-value | Post hoc. (scheffe) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of lines filled up for COD | 2.4±0.9 | 1.9±0.6 | 3.4±0.7 | 1.4±0.5 | 0.000 | d,b<a<c |
|
||||||
Number of total errors of death certificate | 4.3±1.8 | 2.7±1.3 | 6.2±1.3 | 4.9±1.7 | 0.000 | b<a,d<c |
Number of major errors | 0.8±0.7 | 0.5±0.7 | 0.8±0.5 | 1.2±1.1 | 0.020 | a,b,c<d |
Number of minor errors | 3.5±1.6 | 2.2±0.9 | 5.4±1.2 | 3.7±1.5 | 0.000 | b<a,d<c |
|
||||||
Major errors | ||||||
Mode of dying as UCOD | 2 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (20.0) | 0.009e | |
Secondary condition as UCOD | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.6) | 2 (20.0) | 0.024e | |
Ill-defined conditions as UCOD | 2 (4.1) | 5 (11.6) | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.336e | |
Improper sequence | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1.000e | |
Incompatible causal relationship | 13 (26.5) | 4 (9.3) | 24 (63.2) | 1 (10.0) | 0.000 | |
≥1 cause of death on a single line | 14 (28.6) | 7 (16.3) | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.005 | |
Blank/duplication | 4 (8.2) | 5 (11.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.132e | |
Incorrect manner of death | 2 (4.1) | 1 (2.3) | 2 (5.3) | 5 (50.0) | 0.000e | |
Unacceptable cause of death | 2 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.6) | 2 (20.0) | 0.040e | |
|
||||||
Minor errors | ||||||
Mode of dying with appropriate UCOD | 13 (26.5) | 0 (0.0) | 34 (68.0) | 3 (30.0) | 0.000 | |
No cause of injury as UCOD | 33 (67.3) | 20 (46.5) | 37 (97.4) | 6 (60.0) | 0.000 | |
No result of injury as COD | 0 (0.0) | 3 (7.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.122e | |
Unclear COD with clear cause of injury as UCOD | 0 (0.0) | 3 (7.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.122e | |
Incorrect time interval | 35 (71.4) | 27 (62.8) | 38 (100) | 10 (100) | 0.000 | |
Incorrect other significant conditions | 42 (85.7) | 37 (86.0) | 38 (100) | 9 (90.0) | 0.048e | |
Incorrect operating findings even after surgery | 13/18 (72.2) | 0/0 | 25/25 (100) | 2/2 (100) | 0.022e | |
Incorrect date of surgery even after surgery | 8/18 (44.4) | 0/0 | 13/25 (52.0) | 2/2 (100) | 0.542e | |
Incorrect type of accident | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.3) | 2 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.356e | |
Incorrect intention of external cause | 9 (18.4) | 4 (9.3) | 2 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.203e | |
Incorrect time of accident | 7 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (15.8) | 2 (20.0) | 0.013e | |
Incorrect place of accident | 12 (24.5) | 1 (2.3) | 11 (28.9) | 3 (30.0) | 0.008 |
Onea (n=29) | Twob (n=46) | Threec (n=40) | Fourd (n=25) | p-value | Post hoc. (sheffe) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of total errors of death certificate | 4.0±1.9 | 3.1±1.7 | 5.2±1.6 | 6.0±1.3 | 0.000 | a,b<c,d |
Number of major errors | 0.8±0.9 | 0.6±0.7 | 0.8±0.7 | 1.0±0.4 | 0.068 | |
Number of minor errors | 3.3±1.7 | 2.5±1.4 | 4.5±1.7 | 5.0±1.2 | 0.000 | a,b<c,d |
|
||||||
Major errors | ||||||
Mode of dying as UCOD | 4 (13.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.002e | |
Secondary condition as UCOD | 2 (6.9) | 1 (2.2) | 1 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.534e | |
Ill-defined conditions as UCOD | 3 (10.3) | 1 (2.2) | 3 (7.5) | 1 (4.0) | 0.408e | |
Improper sequence | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1.000e | |
Incompatible causal relationship | 0 (0.0) | 5 (10.6) | 14 (35.0) | 23 (92.0) | 0.000 | |
≥1 cause of death on a single line | 3 (10.7) | 9 (19.1) | 9 (22.5) | 1 (4.0) | 0.179e | |
Blank/duplication | 0 (0.0) | 8 (17.1) | 1 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.006e | |
Incorrect manner of death | 6 (21.4) | 2 (4.3) | 1 (2.5) | 1 (4.0) | 0.024e | |
Unacceptable cause of death | 3 (10.7) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (5.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.041e | |
|
||||||
Minor errors | ||||||
Mode of dying with appropriate UCOD | 0 (0.0) | 6 (12.8) | 22 (55.0) | 22 (88.0) | 0.000 | |
No cause of injury as UCOD | 20 (71.4) | 23 (48.9) | 30 (75.0) | 23 (92.0) | 0.001 | |
No result of injury as COD | 3 (10.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.012e | |
Unclear COD with clear cause of injury as UCOD | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.3) | 1 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.777e | |
Incorrect time interval | 20 (71.4) | 32 (68.1) | 36 (90.0) | 22 (88.0) | 0.039 | |
Incorrect other significant conditions | 25 (89.3) | 40 (85.1) | 37 (92.5) | 24 (96.0) | 0.505e | |
Incorrect operating findings even after surgery | 5/5 (100) | 3/6 (50.0) | 15/15 (100) | 17/19 (89.5) | 0.021e | |
Incorrect date of surgery even after surgery | 5/5 (100) | 2/6 (33.3) | 5/15 (33.3) | 11/19 (57.9) | 0.051e | |
Incorrect type of accident | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (7.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.074e | |
Incorrect intention of external cause | 3 (10.7) | 3 (6.4) | 8 (20.0) | 1 (4.0) | 0.172e | |
Incorrect time of accident | 3 (10.7) | 2 (4.3) | 10 (25.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.004e | |
Incorrect place of accident | 7 (25.0) | 4 (8.5) | 11 (27.5) | 5 (20.0) | 0.120 |