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- Year-round consistency in upper extremity trauma surgery in Florida: challenging the concept of “trauma season”: a retrospective study
- Anshumi Desai, Rohan Mangal, Daniel Garcia, Mitchell A. Pet, Kashyap K. Tadisina
- J Trauma Inj. 2026;39(3):256-263. Published online September 30, 2026
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2025.0154
- 237 View
- 4 Download
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Abstract
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Supplementary Material - Purpose
Upper extremity (UE) trauma requiring surgery in the United States typically peaks during the summer and fall; however, Florida’s climate may create a distinct temporal pattern. This study analyzes year-round UE trauma surgery volumes at a South Florida academic medical center to explore the potential impact of environmental factors.
Methods
Current Procedural Terminology (CPT; standardized codes used to report medical and surgical procedures) databases were analyzed to identify acute UE trauma codes over a 132-month period, and surgical volume was tabulated accordingly. Raw data were plotted as a time series and subsequently converted to a moving average ratio. Autocorrelation analysis was performed to assess yearly periodicity, and multivariable modeling evaluated variability attributable to this periodicity. A subanalysis examined periodicity across three predefined age groups.
Results
A total of 5,924 CPT codes were included in the analysis. The highest monthly volume of UE trauma–related CPT codes occurred in March (49.5 codes per month), whereas the lowest volume occurred in June (41.7 codes per month), yielding a difference of 7.8 codes. No consistent patterns were observed with respect to higher case volumes by specific months or seasons. Time series analysis across the 132-month period demonstrated an overall trend of volume growth without evidence of annual fluctuation. Autocorrelation analysis revealed no yearly periodicity in UE trauma CPT volumes, including after weekend-specific subanalysis. In age-stratified models, results remained nonsignificant: 18–44 years (R2=0.10, P=0.401), 45–64 years (R2=0.10, P=0.369), and ≥65 years (R2=0.13, P=0.133).
Conclusions
UE trauma operations were consistently distributed throughout the year, with no distinct periodic fluctuations identified across weekends or age groups in Florida. These findings suggest that weather-related factors may contribute to the seasonal patterns observed in other geographic regions. -
Summary
- The Influence of Seasons and Weather on the Volume of Trauma Patients: 4 Years of Experience at a Single Regional Trauma Center
- Se Heon Kim, Young Hoon Sul, Jin Young Lee, Joong Suck Kim
- J Trauma Inj. 2021;34(1):21-30. Published online March 23, 2021
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2020.0027
- 7,855 View
- 121 Download
- 5 Citations
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Abstract
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of seasons and weather on the volume of trauma patients in central Korea.
Methods The records of 4,665 patients treated at Chungbuk National Hospital Regional Trauma Center from January 2016 to December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Meteorological data including hourly temperature (°C), precipitation (mm), humidity (%), and wind speed (m/s) for each district were collected retrospectively. Statistical analysis was done using the independent <i>t</i>-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and linear regression analysis.
Results Patients’ average age was 53.66 years, with a significant difference between men (49.92 years) and women (60.48 years) (
p <0.001). Rolling/slipping down was a prominent cause of injury in winter (28.4%, n=283), with statistical significance (p <0.001). Trauma occurred least frequently in winter (p =0.005). Linear regression analysis revealed an increasing number of patients as the temperature increased (p <0.05), the humidity increased (p <0.001), and the wind speed decreased (p <0.001). Precipitation did not affect patient volume (p =0.562). One-way ANOVA revealed a decreased incidence of trauma when the temperature exceeded 30°C (p <0.001), and when the humidity was more than 75%, compared to 25–50% and 50–75%.Conclusions At the regional trauma center of Chungbuk National University Hospital, in central Korea, the number of trauma patients was lowest in winter, and patient volume was affected by temperature, humidity, and wind speed.
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Citations
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