Journal of Trauma and Injury

Review Article

Heat-related illnesses in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces: epidemiology, comparative analysis, and preventive strategies: Sunju Kim, Kun Hwang; J Trauma Inj. 2026;39(3):205-210. Published online September 2, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2025.0212

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Abstract PDF: Heat-related illnesses (HRIs) represent an increasingly critical threat to the health and operational readiness of the Republic of Korea (ROK) Armed Forces. Rising global temperatures, combined with Korea’s humid summers and intensive military training, have increased both the incidence and severity of HRIs among soldiers. This paper provides a comprehensive review of HRIs in the ROK military, beginning with an overview of their pathophysiology and classification, ranging from heat cramps to exertional heat stroke—the most severe and life-threatening form. We then examine recent epidemiological trends, which reveal over 1,200 documented cases between 2018 and 2023, with new recruits disproportionately affected. A comparative analysis across service branches indicates that Army personnel, who engage in high-intensity outdoor training, bear the greatest burden, while Navy and Air Force members face distinct occupational exposures in engine rooms and on airfields, respectively. The risk in the ROK military is striking in international comparison: odds ratios suggest that soldiers face more than 27 times the risk of HRIs compared with the civilian population, exceeding reported burdens in allied militaries such as the United States and Japan. Lessons from other nations, particularly the use of real-time surveillance, wearable technologies, and structured acclimatization programs, offer valuable models for ROK. Preventive strategies must therefore extend beyond medical management to include leadership accountability, environmental engineering, digital monitoring, and a cultural shift that promotes reporting. In an era of accelerating climate change, HRIs must be reframed not only as medical conditions but also as preventable threats to combat readiness, soldier welfare, and national security.; Summary

Original Articles

Estimated blood storage requirements for a North Korean invasion of South Korea and South Korea’s preparedness: Kun Hwang, Chan Yong Park; J Trauma Inj. 2025;38(3):232-236. Published online September 29, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2025.0061

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Purpose
Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable battlefield deaths, and up to 30% of casualties could survive with timely transfusions. In a potential North Korea–South Korea conflict, ensuring adequate blood supply would be crucial for military medical readiness. This study estimated the 2-week blood demand in such a conflict and evaluated South Korea’s preparedness to meet it.
Methods
A multifaceted approach was employed, incorporating historical casualty data, medical literature on battlefield transfusions, South Korean blood supply reports, and military blood logistics models. Projections indicate 80,000 to 150,000 casualties within the first 2 weeks, with 30% of military and 15% of civilian casualties requiring transfusions. The estimated total blood demand ranges from 360,000 to 600,000 L, surpassing current South Korean reserves.
Results
Despite a 100,000-L prewar storage goal, weekly replenishment needs could reach 150,000 to 300,000 L, placing immense strain on collection, storage, and distribution systems. Key shortages include packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, and platelets, with projected deficits of up to 120,000, 70,000, and 30,000 units, respectively. The logistical challenges of storing and transporting platelets, given their 5-day shelf life, make them particularly vulnerable to depletion. To address these shortages, a multipronged strategy is required, including pre-war stockpiling, mobile blood banks, rapid military-civilian coordination, international cooperation with US and other allies, and prioritization of whole blood over component therapy.
Conclusions
South Korea’s current blood reserves are insufficient for a large-scale war. A combination of strategic stockpiling, military-civilian coordination, and alternative blood sources (synthetic oxygen carriers, prewar autologous donation programs) is essential to sustaining medical operations and improving survival rates.

Summary

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Severe trauma care: advances and future directions in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques and information technology support
Feifei Jin, Shu li, Xuemin Zhang, Wei Huang, Jing Zhou, Zhongdi Liu, Pan Hu, Yanqiu Wu, Zixiao Zhang, Lijun Hou, Xiangjun Bai, Tianbing Wang
Medical Review.2026; 6(3): 175. CrossRef

Lessons from foreign military surgeons in the Korean War: advancing trauma surgery and preparing for future conflicts: Kun Hwang, Chan Yong Park; J Trauma Inj. 2025;38(2):103-110. Published online June 16, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2025.0041

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
The Korean War (1950–1953) significantly advanced military medicine, with foreign military surgeons playing a pivotal role in transforming trauma care under extreme conditions.
Methods
Resources such as PubMed, JSTOR, and reports from participating nations formed the basis of this study. A thorough comparative analysis was performed to examine the similarities and differences in medical practices between the United Nations Command and North Korean forces.
Results
The United States introduced Mobile Army Surgical Hospitals, revolutionizing trauma care by enabling rapid intervention near combat zones. Innovations such as helicopter evacuation, whole blood transfusions, and antibiotic treatments reduced mortality rates among treated soldiers to as low as 3%. British surgeons excelled in managing abdominal wounds and performing orthopedic surgery, often undertaking limb-saving procedures. Field hospitals provided comprehensive care for combat injuries and infectious diseases—a major concern given the inadequate sanitation. The Indian 60th Parachute Field Ambulance treated over 20,000 casualties, demonstrating adaptability in harsh environments. The Indian Field Hospital not only treated military casualties but also provided care to Korean civilians, offering life-saving medical interventions under challenging conditions. Denmark deployed the hospital ship MS Jutlandia, equipped with advanced surgical facilities, enabling a level of medical care that was not practical on land. The Swedish Red Cross Field Hospital in Busan delivered crucial medical aid to both military personnel and civilians; its staff focused on civilian outreach and controlling epidemics, with treatments targeting diseases such as typhoid and tuberculosis. Norwegian mobile surgical teams specialized in rapid interventions near combat zones, performing life-saving operations within hours of injury and thus minimizing complications and increasing survival rates.
Conclusions
The lessons learned from these contributions continue to influence modern military and civilian healthcare systems, highlighting the importance of innovation, collaboration, and resilience in conflict settings.

Summary

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Classification of gunshot wounds of the thyroid gland
E.M. Khoroshun, I.A. Lurin, K.V. Misiura, V.V. Makarov, V.V. Nehoduiko, Yu.V. Bunin, B.M. Chernobil, N.Yu. Seliukova
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine).2025; 21(7): 681. CrossRef

The causes and numbers of hospital admissions and deaths during the Korean War: Kun Hwang, Hun Kim, Chan Yong Park; J Trauma Inj. 2024;37(3):214-219. Published online September 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2023.0067

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Summary

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From a stab wound to a surgical specialty: a narrative review of the historical development of plastic and reconstructive surgery in Korea, 1884–2026
Daihun Kang
BMC Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

Review Article

Predictors of massive transfusion protocols activation in patients with trauma in Korea: a systematic review: Dongmin Seo, Inhae Heo, Juhong Park, Junsik Kwon, Hye-min Sohn, Kyoungwon Jung; J Trauma Inj. 2024;37(2):97-105. Published online June 14, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2024.0015

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6 Citations

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
Massive transfusion protocols (MTPs) implementation improves clinical outcomes of the patient’s resuscitation with hemorrhagic trauma. Various predictive scoring system have been used and studied worldwide to improve clinical decision. However, such research has not yet been studied in Korea. This systematic review aimed to assess the predictors of MTPs activation in patients with trauma in Korea.
Methods
The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Research Information Sharing Service databases, KoreaMed, and KMbase were searched from November 2022. All studies conducted in Korea that utilized predictors of MTPs activation in adult patients with trauma were included.
Results
Ten articles were eligible for analysis, and the predictors were assessed. Clinical assessments such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, shock index (SI), prehospital modified SI, modified early warning system (MEWS) and reverse SI multiplied by the Glasgow Coma Scale (rSIG) were used. Laboratory values such as lactate level, fibrinogen degradation product/fibrinogen ratio, and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) were used. Imaging examinations such as pelvic bleeding score were used as predictors of MTPs activation.
Conclusions
Our systematic review identified predictors of MTPs activation in patients with trauma in Korea; predictions were performed using tools that requires clinical assessments, laboratory values or imaging examinations only. Among them, ROTEM, rSIG, MEWS, SI, and lactate level showed good effects for predictions of MTPs activation. The application of predictors for MTP’s activation should be individualized based on hospital resource and skill set, also should be performed as a clinical decision supporting tools.

Summary

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Comparative study between shock index and assessment of blood consumption score in polytrauma patients as a predictor of massive blood transfusion
Zeinab M.E. El Sheikh, Mohammed H. Abo-Ryia, Ahmed I. Swelam, Mai M. Mahran
Tanta Medical Journal.2026; 54(1): 115. CrossRef
Predictors of Massive Transfusion in Adult Blunt Trauma Patients: Analysis of a Nationwide Trauma Registry in Korea
Dongmin Seo, Juyoung Kim, Kyoungwon Jung, Juhong Park, Junsik Kwon, Hye-Min Sohn, Sora Kim, Jayoung Yoo, Jae Hun Kim, Hangjoo Cho, Younghwan Kim, Taegyun Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Challenges and learning curve in adopting resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta for trauma patients: A retrospective multicenter study
Kyounghwan Kim, Byung Hee Kang, Dong Hun Kim, Byungchul Yu, Sung Wook Chang, Pil Young Jung, Yoonjung Heo, Wu Seong Kang
Injury.2026; 57(9): 113304. CrossRef
Optimizing massive transfusion protocol activation: A new decision tool based on a Dutch trauma cohort
K.F. Berenschot, M.E. Cnossen, M.R. van Bohemen, N.A. Ottenhof
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine.2026; 110: 540. CrossRef
On-scene machine learning prediction model for massive transfusion in trauma and its association with in-hospital mortality
Byungchul Yu, Jaehyeong Cho, Hyunjee Kim, Seung Ha Hwang, Jiyoung Hwang, Soeun Kim, Jiyeon Oh, Sooji Lee, Do Wan Kim, Junepill Seok, Kyounghwan Kim, Jinseok Lee, Dong Keon Yon, Wu Seong Kang
BJS Open.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A Case Study on Simulation Training for Operational Improvements in the Massive Transfusion Protocol
Sooin Choi, Jongbin Wee, Haeri Jung, Young Soon Cho
The Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion.2024; 35(2): 113. CrossRef

Original Articles

Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of posttraumatic hospitalized patients with symptoms related to venous thromboembolism: a single-center retrospective study: Hyung Su Park, Sung Youl Hyun, Woo Sung Choi, Jin-Seong Cho, Jae Ho Jang, Jea Yeon Choi; J Trauma Inj. 2022;35(3):159-167. Published online June 10, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2021.0052

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of trauma inpatients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) symptoms diagnosed using computed tomographic angiography (CTA) in Korea
Methods
In total, 7,634 patients admitted to the emergency department of Gachon University Gil Medical Center, a tertiary hospital, and hospitalized between July 1, 2018 and December 31, 2020 were registered for this study. Of these patients, 278 patients who underwent CTA were enrolled in our study.
Results
VTE was found in 120 of the 7,634 patients (1.57%), and the positive diagnosis rate of the 278 patients who underwent CTA was 43.2% (120 of 278). The incidence of VTE was statistically significantly higher among those with severe head and neck injuries (Abbreviated Injury Scale, 3–5) than among those with nonsevere head and neck injuries (Abbreviated Injury Scale, 0–2; P=0.038). In a subgroup analysis, the severe and nonsevere head and neck injury groups showed statistically significant differences in known independent risk factors for VTE. In logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratio of severe head and neck injury (Abbreviated Injury Scale, 3–5) for VTE was 1.891 (95% confidence interval, 1.043–3.430).
Conclusions
Trauma patients with severe head and neck injuries are more susceptible to VTE than those with nonsevere head and neck injuries. Thus, physicians must consider CTA as a priority for the diagnosis of VTE in trauma patients with severe head and neck injuries who show VTE-associated symptoms.

Summary

Citations

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Intensivist performed compression ultrasound (IPCUS) for screening and early detection of deep venous thrombosis in trauma intensive care unit: a prospective study
Ahmad Kloub, Nuri Abdurraheim, Ahmed Ramzee, Naushad Ahmad Khan, Mushreq Alani, Suhail Hakim, Zeenat Bakhsh, Ibrahim Taha, Basil Younis, Gustav Strandvik, Tariq Siddiqui, Yousif Ibrahim, Mohamed Nasr, Sherwan Khoschnau, Khalid Ahmed, Ahad Kanbar, Ashok Pa
European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

The Influence of Seasons and Weather on the Volume of Trauma Patients: 4 Years of Experience at a Single Regional Trauma Center: Se Heon Kim, Young Hoon Sul, Jin Young Lee, Joong Suck Kim; J Trauma Inj. 2021;34(1):21-30. Published online March 23, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2020.0027

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of seasons and weather on the volume of trauma patients in central Korea.

Methods

The records of 4,665 patients treated at Chungbuk National Hospital Regional Trauma Center from January 2016 to December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Meteorological data including hourly temperature (°C), precipitation (mm), humidity (%), and wind speed (m/s) for each district were collected retrospectively. Statistical analysis was done using the independent <i>t</i>-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and linear regression analysis.

Results

Patients’ average age was 53.66 years, with a significant difference between men (49.92 years) and women (60.48 years) (p<0.001). Rolling/slipping down was a prominent cause of injury in winter (28.4%, n=283), with statistical significance (p<0.001). Trauma occurred least frequently in winter (p=0.005). Linear regression analysis revealed an increasing number of patients as the temperature increased (p<0.05), the humidity increased (p<0.001), and the wind speed decreased (p<0.001). Precipitation did not affect patient volume (p=0.562). One-way ANOVA revealed a decreased incidence of trauma when the temperature exceeded 30°C (p<0.001), and when the humidity was more than 75%, compared to 25–50% and 50–75%.

Conclusions

At the regional trauma center of Chungbuk National University Hospital, in central Korea, the number of trauma patients was lowest in winter, and patient volume was affected by temperature, humidity, and wind speed.

Summary

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Is there a correlation between season and weather patterns on trauma admissions?
Jennifer Lewis, Andy M. Liu, Christopher Johnson, Jared Bukowski, Eric Chrostowski, Jennifer Wolf, Kelly Hynes, Jason Strelzow
Injury.2026; 57(4): 113158. CrossRef
Golf-Related Craniofacial Injuries: A 10-Year Retrospective Study at a Single Institute
Hyejin Kim, Jaeyoung Ryu, Min-Suk Kook, Hong-Ju Park, Seunggon Jung
Journal of Craniofacial Surgery.2025; 36(7): 2462. CrossRef
Seasonal and cultural effects on calendar day variations in trauma incidence in Japan
Keisuke Suzuki, Akira Endo, Tomohiro Akutsu, Hiromasa Hoshi, Akira Suekane, Ryo Yamamoto, Kazuma Yamakawa, Shin Watanabe, Akihiro Hirakawa, Yasuhiro Otomo, Koji Morishita
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Climate change and mental health in Korea: A scoping review
Jiyoung Shin, Juha Baek, Sumi Chae
Journal of Climate Change Research.2023; 14(6-2): 989. CrossRef
The impact of COVID-19 on trauma patients and orthopedic trauma operations at a single focused training center for trauma in Korea
Wonseok Choi, Hanju Kim, Whee Sung Son, Seungyeob Sakong, Jun-Min Cho, Nak-Jun Choi, Tae-Wook Noh, Namryeol Kim, Jae-Woo Cho, Jong-Keon Oh
Journal of Trauma and Injury.2022; 35(3): 195. CrossRef

An Early Experience of Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) in the Republic of Korea: A Retrospective Multicenter Study: Joonhyeon Park, Sung Woo Jang, Byungchul Yu, Gil Jae Lee, Sung Wook Chang, Dong Hun Kim, Ye Rim Chang, Pil Young Jung; J Trauma Inj. 2020;33(3):144-152. Published online September 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2020.0051

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

This retrospective multicenter study analyzed trauma patients who underwent resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) in the Republic of Korea.

Methods

This study was conducted from February 2017 to May 2018 at three regional trauma centers in the Republic of Korea. The patients were divided into two groups (cardiopulmonary resuscitation [CPR] and No-CPR) for comparative analysis based on two criteria (complication and mortality) for logistic regression analysis (LRA).

Results

There were significant differences between the CPR and No-CPR groups in mortality (p=0.003) and treatment administered (p=0.016). By LRA for complications, total occlusion has significantly lesser risk than intermittent or partial occlusion in both univariate (odds ratio [OR] 0.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.00-0.36, p=0.01) and multivariate (OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.00-0.38, p=0.01) analyses. The Rescue had a higher risk than the Coda or Reliant in univariate analysis (OR 4.91, 95% CI 1.14-34.25, p=0.05); however, it was not statistically significant in multivariate analysis (OR 6.98, 95% CI 1.03-74.52, p=0.07). By LRA for mortality, the CPR group was the only variable that had a significantly higher risk of mortality than the No-CPR group in both univariate (OR 17.59, 95% CI 3.05-335.25, p=0.01), and multivariate (OR 24.92, 95% CI 3.77-520.51, p=0.01) analyses.

Conclusions

This study was conducted in the early stages of REBOA implementation in the Republic of Korea and showed conflicting results from studies conducted by multiple institutions. Therefore, additional research with more accumulated data is needed.

Summary

Citations

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Challenges and learning curve in adopting resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta for trauma patients: A retrospective multicenter study
Kyounghwan Kim, Byung Hee Kang, Dong Hun Kim, Byungchul Yu, Sung Wook Chang, Pil Young Jung, Yoonjung Heo, Wu Seong Kang
Injury.2026; 57(9): 113304. CrossRef
Complications associated with the use of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA): an updated review
Marcelo Augusto Fontenelle Ribeiro Junior, Salman M Salman, Sally M Al-Qaraghuli, Farah Makki, Riham A Abu Affan, Shahin Reza Mohseni, Megan Brenner
Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open.2024; 9(1): e001267. CrossRef
Contemporary Utilization and Outcomes of Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta for Traumatic Noncompressible Torso Hemorrhage in Korea: A Retrospective Multi-Center Study
Yoonjung Heo, Sung Wook Chang, Byungchul Yu, Byung Hee Kang, Pil Young Jung, Kyounghwan Kim, Dong Hun Kim
Journal of Acute Care Surgery.2024; 14(1): 16. CrossRef
On the Feasibility of Using REBOA Technology for the Treatment of Patients with Polytrauma
A. I. Zhukov, N. N. Zadneprovsky, P. A. Ivanov, L. S. Kokov
Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Ca.2024; 13(1): 14. CrossRef
The meaning and principles of damage control surgery
Gil Jae Lee
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2024; 67(12): 732. CrossRef
Editor's Choice – Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Lower Extremity Vascular Complications after Arterial Access for Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA): An Inevitable Concern?
Megan Power Foley, Stewart R. Walsh, Nathalie Doolan, Paul Vulliamy, Morgan McMonagle, Christopher Aylwin
European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surg.2023; 66(1): 103. CrossRef
Early experience with resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta for unstable pelvic fractures in the Republic of Korea: a multi-institutional study
Dong Hun Kim, Jonghwan Moon, Sung Wook Chang, Byung Hee Kang
European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery.2023; 49(6): 2495. CrossRef
Comparison between external fixation and pelvic binder in patients with pelvic fracture and haemodynamic instability who underwent various haemostatic procedures
Ji Young Jang, Keum Soek Bae, Byung Hee Kang, Gil Jae Lee
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

PARK Formula Can Replace “Guide to Medical Certificate” Published by Korean Medical Association in Deciding the Treatment Duration: Chan Yong Park, Kwang Hee Yeo, Sora Ahn; J Trauma Inj. 2018;31(2):58-65. Published online August 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2018.31.2.58

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
Many doctors have difficulty in deciding the treatment duration in trauma patients to write in the casualty medical certificate. We tried to find a solution for this problem by using abbreviated injury scale (AIS).
Methods
A total of 39 patients treated in our regional trauma center who requested an author to write treatment duration on casualty medical certificate from January 2014 to April 2017 were included. And the treatment duration was decided based on the PARK Formula (AIS). PARK Formula (AIS)=(AIS×2) ~ ([AIS×2]+2)
Results
Among 39 patients included and 36 (92.3%) had treatment duration on casualty medical certificate within the range of treatment duration calculated by PARK Formula (AIS). Compared to the PARK Formula (AIS), the mean value was 0.13 week (0.90 day) smaller. Comparing the treatment duration between Korean Medical Association (KMA) guideline and PARK Formula (AIS), only 22 patients (56.4%) showed agreement. The mean value was 1.02 week (7.18 days) smaller in KMA guideline.
Conclusions
For the decision of the treatment duration in trauma patients, utilizing worldwide used AIS scoring system is very efficient. Using PARK Formula (AIS), doctors can document the treatment duration in the casualty medical certificate with ease. KMA should provide more practical ‘treatment duration of each diagnosis in writing casualty medial certificate’ for the doctors. We recommend PARK Formula (AIS) as a good alternative for KMA guide.; Summary

Characteristics of Korean Trauma Patients: A Single-center Analysis Using the Korea Trauma Database: Youngeun Park, Min Chung, Gil Jae Lee, Min A Lee, Jae Jeong Park, Kang Kook Choi, Sung Youl Hyun, Yang Bin Jeon, Dae Sung Ma, Yong Cheol Yoon, Jungnam Lee, Byungchul Yoo; J Trauma Inj. 2016;29(4):155-160. Published online December 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2016.29.4.155

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
Two years have passed since a level I trauma center was officially opened in the Gacheon Gil Hospital, South Korea. We analyzed 2014 and 2015 registered patient data from the Korean Trauma Data Base (KTDB) to identify trends in trauma patient care and factors that influence the quality of trauma care at the Gacheon Gil trauma center.
METHODS
Data was extracted from the KTDB included patient age, sex, systolic blood pressure at emergency room arrival, revised trauma score, injury severity score, trauma injury severity score, transfusion amount, and the cause of death was analyzed.
RESULTS
A total of 3269 trauma patients were admitted to our trauma center in 2014 and 3225 in 2015. Demographics and mechanism of injury were not significantly different between years. The severity of trauma injury was decreased in 2015 although the mortality rate was slightly increased. This requires further analysis.
CONCLUSION
The aim of this study was to determine the general status and trends in trauma incidence and management outcomes for the Incheon area. We noted no significant changes in trauma status from 2014 to 2015. We need to collect and review trauma patient data over a long period in order to elucidate trauma incidence and management trends in the trauma field. Finally, studies using trauma patient data will indicate appropriate quality control factors for trauma care and help to improve the quality of trauma management.

Summary

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Associated Injuries in Spine Trauma Patients: A Single-Center Experience
Seunghan Yu, Hyuk Jin Choi, Jung Hwan Lee, Byung Chul Kim, Mahnjeong Ha, In Ho Han
Journal of Trauma and Injury.2020; 33(4): 242. CrossRef

Original article

Epidemiological Multi-center Study of Blast Injury in Military Centers: Won Young Kim, Wook Jin Choi, Jong Ho Lee, Ha Young Park, Dong Ook Kim; J Korean Soc Traumatol. 2008;21(2):78-84.

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Recently, the incidence of blast injury has been on the increase worldwide. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and analyze blast injuries in South Korea.
METHODS
This was a retrospective multi-center study of blast injuries in three tertiary military centers. The medical records of patients with blast injuries from January 2003 to December 2007 were reviewed. The injury severity was evaluated according to the Injury Severity Score (ISS), the Revised Trauma Score (RTS), and the Trauma Score and the Injury Severity Score (TRISS).
RESULTS
This study revealed epidemiological data of blast injury in the three tertiary military hospital. A total of 94 cases of blast injury had occurred. Various body regions were involved. The most frequently injured site was the upper extremity (52.1%). The mechanisms for the blast injuries were primary (41.5%), secondary (74.5%), tertiary (7.4%), and quaternary (29.8%). The mean injury-to-hospital arrival time was 3.2+/-1.7 hour. The rate of admission was 88.3%, and the rate of ICU admission was 32.5%. Thirty-six (36) cases required an emergency operation. Most were performed by an Orthopedist (55.6%), an Ophthalmologist (19.4%), or a general surgeon (13.9%). The mortality rate from blast injury was 4.3%.
CONCLUSION
This was the first paper to present data on the type of injury, the site of injury, the cause of death, and the mortality from blast injury in South Korea. Chest injury, brain injury, tertiary injury mechanisms, ISS> or = 16, and a Maximal Abbreviated Injury Scale Score (ABI)> or =4 were significantly associated with death.; Summary

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